Understanding the direct implications of geopolitical risks attributable to real estate can be challenging to measure. These risks, both global and domestic, generally materialize as volatility due to uncertainty about the future impact on economies and financial markets. Whether a conflict like the war in Ukraine, additional production shutdowns due to elevated COVID infection rates in China, or local politics surrounding rent regulations and sustainable development and renovation requirements, they are difficult to isolate and measure. Additional complexity surrounds these risks when they occur in an environment of increasing interest rates and inflation levels at a 40-year high. When you add in the complexities around supply chain stress, an improving but still unresolved pandemic hangover and energy costs, the lines between these risks become more blurred. While the focus is on the most visible geopolitical risks, the Ukraine and Russia war and the most recent lockdowns in China, these are not the only political risks affecting the broader markets.
Commodities Pricing, Supply Chain, and Inflation
Inflation and supply chain challenges are affected by factors outside of political risks, but some of the impact is being elevated because of it. Russia is one of the largest exporters of energy and food commodities, with Russia and Ukraine exporting 30% of the world’s wheat, a key product in the world’s food supply. Wheat futures rose 40% year-to-date and 57.8% over the last 12 months.1 Russia and Ukraine also produce a third of the world’s ammonia and potassium exports, which are essential ingredients in the production of fertilizer. Much of the impact is already being felt in less affluent nations, in addition to the U.S., spurring concerns of a global food crisis. Other key commodities like steel and nickel had seen 30 and 45% increases, respectively, between early 2022 and late April, although prices have come down a bit.
China’s zero-COVID policy and the related lockdowns have driven production and port activity to levels not seen since the beginning of the pandemic. Sectors like the automobile industry and electronics manufacturing haven’t recovered from the initial phase of the pandemic, and these new challenges are adding to the stress. When you add the impact of other commodities involved in automobile manufacturing such as aluminum, copper, and nickel2 coming out of Russia and Ukraine, more inflationary pressure builds.
Higher energy costs, especially over an extended period, can also have a negative effect on real estate. High prices at the gas pump can affect consumer sentiment and spending, potentially hurting an already weakened retail and hospitality market. As the probability of an extended conflict increases and possibly taking us into the winter months, this could mean higher heating costs on top of the growing gas prices.
Globally, the availability of products challenged by traditional distribution has countries focused on reconfiguring their supply chain management strategies, particularly sourcing. Terms like “dual sourcing”, “nearshoring”, and “friend shoring” are being used to describe collaborative efforts to manage the challenges. In the short term, the challenges will likely grow before beginning to recede.
Cyber Risk
Cyberattacks have increased and continue to impact global stability as they target critical infrastructure. The Center for Strategic International Studies reported that on February 24, the date of the Russian invasion, cyberattacks increased significantly including disruptions to Ukrainian military communications, power grids, and telecommunications.3 These attacks are expected to continue, and resources are focusing on the protection and mitigation. With increasing investments into smart buildings, granular building infrastructure also becomes susceptible to cyber risk.
Consumer Confidence and Real Estate Considerations
All the challenges mentioned above have a direct effect on consumer spending, be it product cost, availability, or even how the products are purchased, online or in person. Higher-priced necessities could limit consumer spending, including retail, travel, and services. Central banks, looking to manage inflation with interest rates, have a narrow lane to land the planes on to avoid a recession, or worse, stagflation. If inflation is exacerbated by geopolitical volatility, something that interest rate policy can’t manage, then the impact of that volatility becomes more significant.
With continued political uncertainty providing significant headwinds, the ultimate impact on commercial real estate will be greater than if the political risk didn’t exist. The longer it takes to moderate, the more the accretive impact can have negative implications for the industry. We pray for bloodshed and the loss of life to end. Then we can hope for market stability and leaving the pandemic and financial effects behind.
Source: “Geopolitical Risk: Political, Capital Markets and Real Estate Uncertainty“
